英语学习： 高考必备基础知识——名词单复数

名词在每年高考语法填空和短文改错中都会考到，语法填空中常考的方式为名词复数的写法，短文改错中常考的方式为不可数名词不能加a/an, 这些语法点大家一定要背过哦！

I. 名词的分类及常见用法

2. 最常见的不可数名词有：

advice, air，baggage, furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic absence, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience（经验）, failure, fear, food, fun, health,industry, kindness, labour, luck, nature,paper, peace, pleasure, poetry， power，pride, respect,safety, salt, strength, technology, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, work。

其他考的比较少的点：

有些名词的可数与不可数可以相互转化，但词义也同时发生变化，如： 

1.表示不同的种类，如food, wine, metal, wheat, rice等。或者表示量很大，远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。这一类词常见的有：

sands(沙滩，沙漠)；waters(水域)；rains(大阵雨、雨季)；winds(大风)；times(时代)；woods(森林)；ruins(废墟)；rags(碎片、破衣服)；ashes (灰烬、骨灰)。

(1). The children are playing on the sands. 孩子们在沙滩上玩。

(2).Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA. (各种价值观)

(3). New businesses will be started in the city.

( businesses:各种商业。）

(4). History is full of other examples of successful people with disabilities. (各种不同的残疾）

(5). Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. (各种不同之处)

(6). Take turns to offer each other the foods in part 2. (各种不同的食物。)

(7). Thoughts rushed through his head . (各种想法)

(8). He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.

(各种各样的学习和发现)

(8). China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. (各种成本)

2.抽象的不可数名词具体化，含义发生了变化，表示一个或多个“……的人或事物”，这种表达法使语言显得更加简洁生动。例如：

(1)、There would have been many more deaths. ( 死亡的人）

(2)、 Here are some advice for dealing with common injuries . (受伤的地方、伤口）

(3)、The concert that John Denver organized was a great success.（成功的事）  

difficulty(困难) → difficulties（难题、难事）；

worry(烦恼) → worries（令人烦恼的事）；

pity(同情，可惜) → apity (可惜的事)；

failure(失败) → failures（失败的事，失败的人）等等。

Surprise(惊异、惊讶) → asurprise（一件令人惊讶的事，惊喜之事）